South Australia: Places and species
Life on land
DONATE
YOU CAN SUPPORT CREATIVE COWBOY FILMS BY DONATING
Your support will assist us to continue our research and content development, the greater our resources, the more we can do.
The more we have an accurate understanding of what is happening to nature, the more we can all do to protect what remains of our living planet.
This is also an opportunity for philanthropists to be part of an ongoing project that tells independent stories about the natural world, stories that will help us to better understand what is happening to species and places on our precious planet Earth.
Note: Creative Cowboy Films does NOT have tax deductible charity status.
Become a Member
Becoming a member of Creative cowboy films The Nature Knowledge Channel is a very real way you can help the precious natural world and support the work we do in creating knowledge about what is happening to it.
Membership
You can access thiscontent and other stories by becoming a member or donating
Sign up NowBecoming a member of Creative cowboy films
The Nature Knowledge Channel is a very real way you can help the precious natural world and support the work we do in creating knowledge about the natural world.
Annual membership of the Creative cowboy films - Nature Knowledge Channel gives you full access to content, stories and films, available on this website. Becoming a member of the Creative cowboy films - Nature Knowledge Channel is a very real way you can help the natural world and support our work in creating a greater understanding about what is happening to it.
A point of difference
Creative cowboy films is independent, is not funded by governments or industry, and is not influenced by their associated interest groups. For reasons of independent research and content development, Creative cowboy films does NOT have tax deductible charity status.
“Animals and plants are particularly vulnerable in South Australia because of the way fragile ecosystems and current land use practices converge. What happens to Australian animals and plants is described in extinctions and endangerment.”
This is some text inside of a div block.
This is some text inside of a div block.
This is some text inside of a div block.
This is some text inside of a div block.
This is some text inside of a div block.
This is some text inside of a div block.
This is some text inside of a div block.
This is some text inside of a div block.
This is some text inside of a div block.
This is some text inside of a div block.
This is some text inside of a div block.
This is some text inside of a div block.
This is some text inside of a div block.
This is some text inside of a div block.
This is some text inside of a div block.
This is some text inside of a div block.
This is some text inside of a div block.
This is some text inside of a div block.
This is some text inside of a div block.
This is some text inside of a div block.
This is some text inside of a div block.
We should remind ourselves that in South Australia since colonial settlement, at the very minimum, 73 species of plants and animals are now extinct. In addition to this many recently extinct forms of life will never have been described and therefore will never be known, except that is, by the Indigenous people who lived here over countless generations. The list of endangered, threatened and rare species from South Australia contains more than 1,000 animals and plants. Attitudes towards Australian wildlife in South Australia openly on display in the sign above.
Extinct, endangered, vulnerable and rare
This analysis lists the extinct, endangered, vulnerable and rare species in South Australia. For today I have just added mammal, bird, reptile and amphibian species, The list I have compiled has more than a 1,000 species on it and I will add other classes of life as time allows.
I record these here so we begin to understand the extent of the problems we face. Those species listed as extinct in South Australia may either now be entirely extinct, that is lost and gone forever, or still survive in other states and territories, small islands and so on, many of these will be on the brink of extinction.
South Australia: Extinct Mammals
- Crescent Nail-tailed Wallaby Onychogalea lunata
- Desert Bandicoot Perameles eremiana
- Desert Rat Kangaroo Caloprymnus campestris
- Eastern or Common Hare-wallaby Lagorchestes leporides
- Eastern Quoll Dasyurus viverrinus
- Golden Bandicoot Isoodon auratus
- Gould’s Mouse Pseudomys gouldii
- Greater Stick Nest Rat Leporillus conditor (possible population at Roxby Downs)
- Lesser Bilby Macrotis leucura
- Lesser Stick Nest Rat Leporillus apicalis
- Long-nosed Potoroo Potorous tridactylus
- Long-tailed Hopping Mouse Notomys longicaudatus
- Pale Field Rat Rattus tunneyi
- Pig-footed Bandicoot Chaeropus ecaudatus
- Red-tailed Phascogale Phascogale calura
- Rufous Hare-wallaby Lagorchestes hirsutus
- Shark Bay Mouse Pseudomys fieldi
- Short-tailed Hopping Mouse Notomys amplus
- Squirrel Glider Petaurus norfolcensis
- Rufous-bellied Pademelon Thylogale billardierii
- Tiger Quoll Dasyurus maculatus
- Toolache Wallaby Macropus greyi
- Western Barred Bandicoot Perameles bougainville
- White-footed Rabbit-rat Conilurus albipes
- Brush-tailed Phascogale Phascogale tapoatafa (added 2020)
South Australia: Unprotected Mammals
- Dingo Canis lupus dingo
Australian mammal species are also subject to hunting / destruction in South Australia by various permits (and many more are killed ‘illegally’). For example species caught up in a commercial trade of wildlife include:
- Red Kangaroo Macropus rufus
- Western Grey Kangaroo Macropus fuliginosus
- Euro Macropus robustus erubescens
For example the commercial quota for the Red Kangaroos in South Australia in 2015 was 327,300 of which 68,908 (not including pouch young) were ‘harvested’. For the Western Grey Kangaroo the quota was 155,400 of which 27,787 were ‘harvested’ and for the Euro the quota was 57,600 of which 9,990 were ‘harvested’. Claims by the media, including the ABC in South Australia, that Kangaroo numbers were exploding are at odds with the number of animals ‘harvested’ in relation to the size of quotas.
In addition to the commercial trade, permits in that year were issued to destroy 1,990 Eastern Grey Kangaroos (listed as rare in South Australia), 7,825 Tammar Wallabies, 2,571 Red Kangaroos, 33,121 Western Grey Kangaroos and 1,875 Euros.
Aditional comments added 2020
“Australia’s federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act is ineffective. It does not enable the commonwealth to protect and conserve environmental matters that are important for the nation,” the chair of the review, Graeme Samuel, said.
In a horrific piece of prey switching the South Australian Government, and as the fires were burning on Kangaroo Island and large donations to rescue Australian wildlife were pouring into South Australia from around the world, have added three more species to the commercial trade in wildlife in Kangaroos. These are:
- Tammar Wallaby Macropuseugenii decres
- Sooty Kangaroo – Kangaroo Island sub-species of the Western Grey Kangaroo Macropus fuliginosus fuliginosus
- Eastern Grey Kangaroo Macropus giganteus
By any international standards these additions are disgraceful, until recently the Eastern Grey Kangaroo was listed as rare in South Australia (now the claims are that its population has exploded, while other species have declined in numbers) and even more stunningly, and until recently, the South Australian mainland Tammar Wallaby, was listed as extinct.
South Australia: Endangered Mammals
- Feathertail Glider Acrobates pygmaeus
- Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus
- Agile Antechinus Antechinus agilis
- Swamp Antechinus Antechinus minimus
- Mulgara Dasycercus cristicauda cristicauda
- Western Quoll Dasyurus geoffroii
- Spotted-tailed Quoll Dasyurus maculatus
- Eastern Quoll Dasyurus viverrinus
- Red-tailed Phascogale Phascogale calura
- Kangaroo Island Dunnart Sminthopsis aitkeni
- Rufous Hare-wallaby Lagorchestes hirsutus
- Eastern Hare-wallaby Lagorchestes leporides
- Tammar Wallaby (mainland SA subspecies) Macropus eugenii eugenii
- Toolache Wallaby Macropus greyi
- Crescent Nailtail Wallaby Onychogalea lunata
- Black-footed Rock-wallaby (MacDonnell Ranges race) Petrogale lateralis
- Tasmanian Pademelon Thylogale billardierii
- Ghost Bat Macroderma gigas
- White-footed Tree-rat Conilurus albipes
- Lesser Stick-nest Rat Leporillus apicalis
- Short-tailed Hopping-mouse Notomys amplus
- Long-tailed Hopping-mouse Notomys longicaudatus
- Shark Bay Mouse Pseudomys fieldi
- Gould's Mouse Pseudomys gouldii
- Heath Rat Pseudomys shortridgei
- Pale Field-rat Rattus tunneyi
- Numbat Myrmecobius fasciatus
- Platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus
- Subantarctic Fur-seal Arctocephalus tropicalis
- Pig-footed Bandicoot Chaeropus ecaudatus
- Golden Bandicoot Isoodon auratus
- Lesser Bilby Macrotis leucura
- Western Barred Bandicoot Perameles bougainville
- Desert Bandicoot Perameles eremiana
- Eastern Barred Bandicoot Perameles gunnii
- Yellow-bellied Glider Petaurus australis
- Squirrel Glider Petaurus norfolcensis
- Burrowing Bettong Bettongia lesueur
- Brush-tailed Bettong (eastern subspecies) Bettongia penicillata penicillata
- Desert Rat-kangaroo Caloprymnus campestris
- Long-nosed Potoroo Potorous tridactylus
- Little Pied Bat Chalinolobus picatus
- Eastern Falsistrelle Falsistrellust asmaniensis
- Large Bent-wing Bat (southern subspecies) Miniopterus schreibersii bassanii
- Southern Myotis Myotis macropus
- Gould's Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus gouldi
South Australia: Vulnerable Mammals
- Southern Right Whale Eubalaena Australis
- Sei Whale Balaenoptera borealis
- Fin Whale Balaenoptera physalus
- Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae
- Eastern Pygmy-possum Cercartetus nanus
- Yellow-footed Antechinus Antechinus flavipes
- Kowari Dasycercus byrnei
- Sandhill Dunnart Sminthopsis psammophila
- Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby Petrogale xanthopus
- Swamp Wallaby Wallabia bicolor
- Hairy-rostrum Freetail-bat Mormopterus sp.
- Greater Stick-nest Rat Leporillus conditor
- Fawn Hopping-mouse Notomys cervinus
- Dusky Hopping-mouse Notomys fuscus
- Plains Mouse Pseudomys Australis
- Southern Marsupial Mole Notoryctes typhlops
- Australian Sea-lion Neophoca cinerea
- Southern Brown Bandicoot Isoodon obesulus nauticus
- Southern Brown Bandicoot Isoodon obesulus obesulus
- Greater Bilby Macrotis lagotis
- Greater Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus timoriensis
South Australia: Mammals cited as rare
The South Australia National Parks and Wildlife Department cited the following species as rare:
- Minke Whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata
- Bryde's Whale Balaenoptera edeni
- Lesser Hairy-footed Dunnart Sminthopsis youngsoni
- Short-finned Pilot Whale Globicephala macrorhynchus
- Risso's Dolphin Grampus griseus
- False Killer Whale Pseudorcac rassidens
- Yellow-bellied Sheathtail Bat Saccolaimus flaviventris
- Hill's Sheathtail Bat Taphozous hilli
- Pygmy Sperm Whale Kogia breviceps
- Dwarf Sperm Whale Kogia simas
- Eastern Grey Kangaroo Macropus giganteus
- Red-necked Wallaby Macropus rufogriseus
- Black-footed Rock Wallaby Petrogale lateralis pearsoni
- Swamp Rat Rattus lutreolus
- Pygmy Right Whale Caperea marginate
- Australian Fur-seal Arctocephalus pusillus
- Sugar Glider Petaurus breviceps
- Common Brushtail Possum Trichosurus vulpecular
- Leopard Seal Hydrurga leptonyx
- Southern Elephant Seal Mirounga leonine
- Sperm Whale Physeter macrocephalus
- Brush-tailed Bettong Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi
- Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus
- Little Red Flying-fox Pteropus scapulatus
- Common Wombat Vombatus ursinus
- Arnoux's Beaked Whale Berardius arnouxi
- Southern Bottlenose Whale Hyperoodon planifrons
- Andrew's Beaked Whale Mesoplodon bowdoini
- Gray's Beaked Whale Mesoplodon grayi
- Hector's Beaked Whale Mesoplodon hectori
- Shepherd's Beaked Whale Tasmacetus shepherdi
- Cuvier's Beaked Whale Ziphius cavirostris
Bird species in trouble
Extinctions of bird species in Australia have been particularly severe on offshore islands around the continent. Extinction hot spots not associated with South Australia include Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island. The diminutive Kangaroo Island Emu vanished in the latter part of the 1820s.
South Australia: Extinct Birds
- Kangaroo Island Emu Dromaius baudinianus
- Spotted Bower Bird Chlamydera maculata
South Australia: Unprotected Birds
- Zebra Finch Poephila guttata
- Budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus
- Red Wattlebird Anthochaera carunculata
- Grey-backed Silvereye Zosterops lateralis halmaturina
- Galah Cacatua roseicapilla
- Little Corella Cacatua sanguinea
- Australian Raven Corvus coronoides
- Little Crow Corvus bennetti
- Australian Crow Corvus orrucecilae
- Little Raven Corvus mellori
Unprotected species during hunting season: In 2018 the duck season in South Australia began on 17 February and ended on 24 June. Some species removed because of population decline. The Quail season ran from 17 February to 26 August.
- Australian Wood Duck Chenonetta jubata
- Grey Teal Anas gracilis
- Chestnut Teal Anas castanea
- Pink-eared Duck Malacorhynchus membranaceus
- Pacific Black Duck Anas superciliosa
- Australian Shelduck Tadorna tadornoides
- Blue-winged Shoveler (removed recent seasons) Anas rhynchotis
- Hardhead (removed recent seasons) Aythya australis
- Stubble Quail Coturnix pectoralis
South Australia: Endangered Birds
- Chestnut-rumped Heathwren (Mount Lofty Ranges subspecies) Calamanthus pyrrhopygius parkeri
- Grey Goshawk Accipiter novaehollandiae
- White-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster
- Square-tailed Kite Lophoictinia isura
- Osprey Pandion haliaetus
- Azure Kingfisher Alcedo azurea
- Magpie Goose Anseranas semipalmata
- Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus
- Pied Currawong (south east subspecies) Strepera graculina ashbyi
- Grey Currawong (north western subspecies) Strepera versicolor plumbea
- Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo (south east subspecies) Calyptorhynchus banksia graptogyne
- Glossy Black-Cockatoo (Kangaroo Island subspecies) Calyptorhynchus lathami halmaturinus
- Satin Flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleuca
- Yellow-nosed Albatross (Indian Ocean subspecies) Diomedea chlororhynchos carteri
- Yellow-nosed Albatross (Atlantic Ocean subspecies) Diomedea chlororhynchos chlororhynchos
- Royal Albatross (northern subspecies) Diomedea epomophora sanfordi
- Sooty Albatross Diomedea fusca
- Spotted Quail-thrush (Mount Lofty Ranges subspecies) Cinclosoma punctatum anachoreta
- Spotted Quail-thrush (south east subspecies) Cinclosoma punctatum punctatum
- Western Whipbird (eastern subspecies) Psophodes nigrogularis leucogaster
- Little Tern Sterna albifrons
- Fairy Tern Sterna nereis
- Southern Emu-wren (Mount Lofty Ranges subspecies) Stipiturus malachurus intermedius
- Southern Emu-wren (Eyre Peninsula subspecies) Stipiturus malachurus parimeda
- Mallee Emu-wren Stipiturus mallee
- Yellow Chat Epthianura crocea
- Yellow-throated Miner (Black- eared subspecies) Manorina flavigula melanotis
- Olive Whistler (westernmost subspecies) Pachycephala olivacea hesperus
- Regent Honeyeater Xanthomyza phrygia
- Plains-wanderer Pedionomus torquatus
- King Quail Coturnix chinensis
- Grey-crowned Babbler (south east subspecies) Pomatostomus temporalis temporalis
- Little Lorikeet Glossopsitta pusilla
- Swift Parrot Lathamus discolour
- Orange-bellied Parrot Neophema chrysogaster
- Night Parrot Pezoporus occidentalis
- Ground Parrot Pezoporus wallicus
- Powerful Owl Ninox strenua
- Spinifexbird Eremiornis carteri
- Masked Owl Tyto novaehollandiae
South Australia: Vulnerable Birds
- Slender-billed Thornbill (St Vincent Gulf subspecies) Acanthizairedalei rosinae
- Chestnut-rumped Heathwren (Flinders Ranges subspecies) Calamanthus pyrrhopygius pedleri
- Chestnut-rumped Heathwren (south east subspecies) Calamanthus pyrrhopygius pyrrhopygius
- Freckled Duck Stictonetta naevosa
- Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus
- Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus funereus
- Hooded Plover Thinornis rubricollis
- Buller's Albatross Diomedea bulleri
- Shy Albatross Diomedeacauta cauta
- Salvin's Albatross Diomedeacauta salvini
- Grey-headed Albatross Diomedea chrysostoma
- Royal Albatross (southern subspecies) Diomedea epomophora epomophora
- Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans
- Black-browed Albatross (Campbell Island subspecies) Diomedea melanophrys impavida
- Light-mantled Sooty Albatross Diomedea palpebrata
- Diamond Firetail Stagonopleura guttata
- Brolga Grus rubicunda
- Great Skua (Macquarie and Heard Island subspecies) Catharacta skua lonnbergi
- Malleefowl Leipoaocellata
- Black-chinned Honeyeater (south eastern subspecies) Melithreptus gularis gularis
- Australian Bustard Ardeotis australis
- Scarlet Robin (western subspecies) Petroica multicolor campbelli
- Flame Robin Petroica phoenicea
- Brown Quail Coturnix ypsilophora
- Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus
- Blue-winged Parrot Neophema chrysostoma
- Princess Parrot Polytelis alexandrae
- Regent Parrot (eastern subspecies) Polytelis anthopeplus monarchoides
- Lewin's Rail Rallus pectoralis
- Banded Stilt Cladorhynchus leucocephalus
- Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis
- Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis
South Australia: Birds cited as Rare
- Slender-billed Thornbill (eastern subspecies) Acanthiza iredalei hedleyi
- Slender-billed Thornbill (western subspecies) Acanthiza iredalei iredalei
- Chestnut-breasted Whiteface Aphelocephala pectoralis
- Shy Heathwren (Shy Hylacola) Calamanthus cautus
- Rufous Bristlebird (south east SA subspecies) Dasyornis broadbenti broadbenti
- Western Gerygone Gerygone fusca
- White-throated Gerygone Gerygone olivacea
- Letter-winged Kite Elanus scriptus
- Black-breasted Buzzard Hamirostra melanosternon
- Australasian Shoveler Anas rhynchotis
- Musk Duck Biziura lobata
- Cape Barren Goose Cereopsis novaehollandiae
- Blue-billed Duck Oxyura australis
- Darter Anhinga melanogaster
- Cattle Egret Ardea ibis
- Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia
- Little Egret Egretta garzetta
- Eastern Reef Egret Egretta sacra
- Bush Stone-curlew Burhinus grallarius
- Major Mitchell's Cockatoo Cacatua leadbeateri
- White-bellied Cuckoo-shrike Coracina papuensis
- Great Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii
- Lesser Sand Plover Charadrius mongolus
- Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva
- White-browed Treecreeper Climacteris affinis
- Spinifex Pigeon Geophaps plumifera
- Flock Bronzewing Phaps histrionica
- White-winged Chough Corcorax melanorhamphos
- Restless Flycatcher Myiagra inquieta
- Painted Finch Emblema pictum
- Beautiful Firetail Stagonopleura bella
- Chestnut Quail-thrush (eastern subspecies) Cinclosoma castanotus castanotus
- Western Whipbird (Kangaroo Island subspecies) Psophodes nigrogularis lashmari
- Grey Falcon Falco hypoleucos
- Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus
- Sooty Oystercatcher Haematopus fuliginosus
- Pied Oystercatcher Haematopus longirostris
- Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus
- Common Tern Sterna hirundo
- Grey Grasswren Amytornis barbatus
- Striated Grasswren Amytornis striatus
- Southern Emu-wren (Kangaroo Island subspecies) Stipiturus malachurus halmaturinus
- Southern Emu-wren (south east SA subspecies) Stipiturus malachurus polionotum
- Rufous-crowned Emu-wren Stipiturus ruficeps
- Grey Honeyeater Conopophila whitei
- Blue-faced Honeyeater Entomyzon cyanotis
- Painted Honeyeater Grantiella picta
- Purple-gaped Honeyeater (mainland subspecies) Lichenostomus cratitius occidentalis
- Brown Honeyeater Lichmera indistincta
- Black-chinned Honeyeater (northern subspecies) Melithreptus gularis laetior
- Little Friarbird Philemon citreogularis
- Striped Honeyeater Plectorhyncha lanceolata
- Bassian Thrush Zoothera lunulata
- Olive-backed Oriole Oriolus sagittatus
- Crested Shrike-tit Falcunculus frontatus
- Gilbert's Whistler Pachycephala inornata
- Red-lored Whistler Pachycephala rufogularis
- Hooded Robin (south east subspecies) Melanodryas cucullata cucullata
- Jacky Winter (south east subspecies) Microeca fascinans fascinans
- Scarlet Robin (eastern subspecies) Petroica multicolor boodang
- Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus
- Grey-crowned Babbler (northern subspecies) Pomatostomus temporalis rubeculus
- Fleshy-footed Shearwater Puffinus carneipes
- Red-winged Parrot Aprosmictus erythropterus
- Elegant Parrot Neophema elegans
- Rock Parrot Neophema petrophila
- Scarlet-chested Parrot Neophema splendida
- Blue Bonnet (western subspecies) Northiella haematogaster narethae
- Western Bowerbird Chlamydera guttata
- Spotless Crake Porzana tabuensis
- Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos
- Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres
- Sanderling Calidris alba
- Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos
- Long-toed Stint Calidris subminuta
- Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris
- Latham's Snipe Gallinago hardwickii
- Grey-tailed Tattler Heteroscelus brevipes
- Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica
- Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa
- Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus
- Ruff Philomachus pugnax
- Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola
- Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus
- Barking Owl Ninox connivens
- Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus
- Red-chested Button-quail Turnix pyrrhothorax
- Painted Button-quail Turnix varia
- Grass Owl Tyto capensis
A brief note on Australian Reptiles
Australia has something slightly less than 10 per cent the world's 9,800 known reptile species. So the continent is of extreme importance. From the data it appears that around 7 per cent of Australia’s reptile species may be at serious risk of extinction. Three Christmas Island species (not SA), one now extinct (Christmas Island Forest Skink Emoia nativitatis), have recently (late 2017) been declared extinct in the wild and demonstrate the vulnerability of reptiles to a growing range of threats. These include land clearing, changing fire regimes, climate change disruption of breeding and habitat conditions, introduced species are devastating, the toxic Cane Toad in the wetter tropical, sub-tropical regions and cats across much of the continent. Cane toad distribution and numbers have increased significantly over the last 15 years adding to the general threat. Government data is unreliable as not enough work is being done to investigate current circumstances. A global reptile assessment was being conducted (IUCN) at the time of writing.
“The IUCN assessment found (April 2022) that of the 10,000 reptile species assessed, that 21 per cent of all reptile species are at risk of extinction. Habitat loss caused by expanding agriculture, deforestation and urban development are the greatest threats to reptiles worldwide, with South and Southeast Asia, a centre of reptile diversity where these threats are prevalent. Other substantial threats include impacts of invasive alien species, especially predators, and unsustainable hunting and trapping of species for human use”.
South Australia: Endangered Reptiles
- Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta
- Mallee Worm-lizard Aprasia aurita
- Striped Snake-lizard Delma impar
- Swamp Skink Egernia coventryi
- Cunningham's Skink Egernia cunninghami
- Tjakura Egernia kintorei
- Black-striped Desert Skink Egernia slateri
- Salamander Skink Nannoscincus maccoyi
- Pygmy Bluetongue Tiliqua adelaidensis
- Eared-worm Lizard Aprasia aurita
South Australia: Vulnerable Reptiles
- Broad-shelled Tortoise Chelodina expansa
- Macquarie Tortoise Emydura macquarii
- Green Turtle Chelonia mydas
- Leathery Turtle Dermochelys coriacea
- Desert Death Adder Acanthopis pyrrhus
- Yellow-bellied Water Skink Eulamprus heatwolei
- Musgrave Slider Lerista speciosa
- Glossy Grass Skink Pseudemoia rawlinsoni
- Heath Goanna Varanus rosenbergi
South Australia: Rare Reptiles
- Jacky Lizard Amphibolurus muricatus
- Spotted Dragon Ctenophorus maculatus
- McKenzie's Dragon Ctenophorus mckenziei
- Claypan Dragon Ctenophorus salinarum
- Woma Aspidites ramsayi
- Carpet Python Morelia spilota
- Channel Country Whipsnake Demansia sp.
- White-lipped Snake Drysdalia coronoides
- Bardick Echiopsis curta
- Spotted Brown Snake Pseudonaja guttata
- Western Black-naped Snake Simoselaps bimaculatus
- Common Bandy-Bandy Vermicella annulata
- Northern Snake-lizard Delma borea
- Patchwork Gecko Diplodactylus pulcher
- Map Gecko Diplodactylus steindachneri
- Pernatty Knob-tailed Gecko Nephrurus deleani
- Marbled Velvet Gecko Oedura marmorata
- Bronzeback Legless Lizard Ophidiocephalus taeniatus
- Western Three-lined Skink Bassiana trilineata
- Ashy-downs Ctenotus Ctenotus astarte
- Giant Desert Ctenotus Ctenotus grandis
- Greer's Ctenotus Ctenotus greeri
- Blacksoil Ctenotus Ctenotus joanae
- Paleface Ctenotus Ctenotus piankai
- Southern Water Skink Eulamprus tympanum
- Beach Slider Lerista arenicola
- Speckled Slider Lerista baynesi
- Dwarf four-toed Slider Lerista distinguenda
- Long-legged Slider Lerista microtis
- Desert Glossy Skink Notoscincus ornatus
- Blacksoil Skink Proablepharus kinghorni
- Bight Coast Skink Pseudemoia baudini
- Tussock Skink Pseudemoia pagenstecheri
- Short-tailed Pygmy Goanna Varanus brevicauda
- Tree Goanna Varanus varius
South Australia: Amphibians - All known species
I have treated South Australia’s list of amphibians differently because there are relatively few species. Of the 36 species / sub species listed below 8, are listed by the South Australian Government as vulnerable or rare.
Given the harshness and remoteness of large areas of the state it remains the case that much is unknown and more species may be present and others facing extinction. The review of the current conservation status of Australian amphibians by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) sponsored Global Amphibian Assessment (GAA) found that fifty of 216 amphibian species (23%) reviewed in Australia were identified as threatened or extinct in accord with IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
The Cane Toad is listed here as a hitchhiker into South Australia, an ever increasing danger given the growing populations to the north, east and west.
There is, what I can only describe as a joyous piece of research, scholarship, authorship and publishing, and that is Tadpoles and Frogs of Australia by Marion Anstis, published by New Holland. That amphibians exist at all in some of the hottest and driest places on Earth is a tribute to nature and evolution of the species.
They are all precious, each and every one.
- Desert Froglet Crinia deserticola
- Northern Flinders Ranges Froglet Crinia flindersensis
- Eastern Sign-bearing Froglet Crinia parinsignifera
- Steambank Froglet Crinia riparia
- Eastern Common Froglet Crinia signifera
- Knife-footed Frog Cyclorana cultripes RARE
- Main’s Frog Cyclorana maini
- Water-holding Frog Cyclorana platycephala
- Southern Smooth Froglet Geocrinia laevis RARE
- Eastern Banjo Frog Limnodynastes dumerilli
- Barking Marsh Frog Limnodynastes fletcheri
- Striped Marsh Frog Limnodynastes peronii
- Spotted Marsh Frog Limnodynastes tasmaniensis - North
- Spotted Marsh Frog Limnodynastes tasmaniensis - South
- Spotted Marsh Frog Limnodynastes tasmaniensis - West
- Australian Green Tree Frog Litoria caerulea
- Spotted-thighed Tree Frog Litoria cyclorhyncha (WA)
- Southern Brown Tree Frog Litoria ewingi
- Broad-palmed Frog Litoria latopalmata
- Peron’s Tree Frog Litoria peronii
- Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis VULNERABLE
- Desert Tree Frog Litoria rubella
- Desert Tree Frog Litoria sp.nov.
- Mallee Spadefoot Toad Neobatrachus pictus
- Desert Trilling Frog Neobatrachus centralis
- Common Spadefoot Toad Neobatrachus sudellae
- Shoemaker Frog Neobatrachus sutor VULNERABLE
- Desert Spadefoot Toad Notaden nichollsi
- Spencer’s Burrowing Frog Platyplectrum spenceri
- Brown or Bibron’s Toadlet Pseudophryne bibroni RARE
- Orange-crowned Toadlet Pseudophryne occidentalis (WA) VULNERABLE
- Everard Ranges Toadlet Pseudophryne robinsoni
- Southern or Marbled Toadlet Pseudophryne semimarmorata VULNERABLE
- Flinders Ranges Toadlet Pseudophryne sp. nov.
- Small-headed Toadlet Uperoleia capitulate RARE
- Cane Toad Rhinella marina (not yet present in numbers other than individuals arriving on transport from the north of the continent)
South Australia: Endangered Plants
- Xerothamnella parvifolia
- Lamb's Tails Ptilotus exaltatus var. semilanatus
- Mother Spleenwort Asplenium bulbiferum ssp. gracillimum
- Lance Water-fern Blechnum chambersii
- Small Rasp-fern Doodia caudata
- Tufted Knawel Scleranthus diander
- Mount Compass oak-bush Allocasuarina robusta
- Coral saltbush Atriplex papillata
- Black Cotton-bush Maireana decalvans
- Five-wing Bonefruit Osteocarpum pentapterum
- Spiny Everlasting Acanthocladium dockeri
- Field Daisy Brachyscome decipiens
- Tall Daisy Brachyscome diversifolia
- Corunna Daisy Brachyscome muelleri
- Milky Beauty-heads Calocephalus lacteus
- Cassinia rugata
- Cassinia tegulata
- Pale Everlasting Helichrysum rutidolepis
- Sand Ixodia Ixodia achillaeoides ssp. arenicola
- Moth Daisy-bush Olearia erubescens
- Sticky Daisy-bush Olearia glutinosa
- Small-flower Daisy-bush Olearia microdisca
- Clustered Daisy-bush Olearia suffruticosa
- Pycnosorus chrysanthes
- Chamomile Everlasting Rhodanthe anthemoides
- Behr's Groundsel Senecio behrianus
- Senecio helichrysoides
- Superb groundsel Senecio megaglossus
- Sieber's Crassula Crassula sieberiana
- Winged peppercress Lepidium monoplocoides
- Erect Peppercress Lepidium pseudopapillosum
- Bristle-rush Chorizandra australis
- Leafy Flat-sedge Cyperus lucidus
- Button Grass Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus
- Needle Bog-rush Tricostularia pauciflora
- Lacy Ground-fern Dennstaedtia davallioides
- Bat's-wing fern Histiopteris incisa
- Soft Tree-fern Dicksonia antarctica
- Hibbertia sessiliflora
- Hibbertia tenuis
- Shiny Shield-fern Lastreopsis acuminata
- Mother Shield-fern Polystichum proliferum
- Salt Pipewort Eriocaulon carsonii
- Kangaroo Island Turpentine Bush Beyeria subtecta
- Cleland's Gentian Gentianella clelandii
- Aldinga Dampiera Dampiera lanceolata var. intermedia
- Lanky Goodenia Goodenia elongata
- Creeping Fanflower Scaevola hookeri
- Fine-head Spear-grass Austrostipa oligostachya
- Lake Millet Echinochloa lacunaria
- Spalding Blown-grass Lachnagrostis limitanea
- Slender Bell-fruit Codonocarpus pyramidalis
- Prickly Raspwort Haloragis eyreana
- Clustered Milfoil Myriophyllum glomeratum
- Juncus prismatocarpus
- Monarto Mintbush Prostanthera eurybioides
- Teucrium grandiusculum ssp. pilosum
- Spidery Wattle Acacia araneosa
- Chalky Wattle Acacia cretacea
- Jumping-jack Wattle Acacia enterocarpa
- Broom Wattle Acacia genistifolia
- Hairy-pod Wattle Acacia glandulicarpa
- Fat-leaf Wattle Acacia pinguifolia
- Senna Wattle Acacia praemorsa
- Spiller's Wattle Acacia spilleriana
- Three-nerve Wattle Acacia trineura
- Whibley's Wattle Acacia whibleyana
- Mountain Scurf-pea Cullen microcephalum
- Disjunct Bitter-pea Daviesia sejugata
- Grey Parrot-pea Dillwynia cinerascens
- Silky Swainson-pea Swainsona sericea
- Swamp Flax-lily Dianella callicarpa
- Late-flowered Flax-lily Dianella tarda
- Many-flower Mat-rush Lomandra multiflora ssp. multiflora
- Thysanotus nudicaulis
- Lagoon Nancy Wurmbea dioica ssp. lacunaria
- Wurmbea sinora
- One-flower Nancy Wurmbea uniflora
- Pygmy Yacca Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea
- Bog Clubmoss Lycopodiella serpentina
- Bushy Clubmoss Lycopodium deuterodensum
- Mount Compass Swamp Gum Eucalyptus paludicola
- Western Swamp-paperbark Melaleuca cuticularis
- Water Nymph Najas tenuifolia
- Austral Moonwort Botrychium australe
- White Beauty Spider-orchid Caladenia argocalla
- Audas' Spider-orchid Caladenia audasii
- Pink-lip Spider-orchid Caladenia behrii
- Limestone Spider-orchid Caladenia calcicola
- Plain-lip Spider-orchid Caladenia clavigera
- Coloured Spider-orchid Caladenia colorata
- Crimson Spider-orchid Caladenia concolor
- Coast Spider-orchid Caladenia conferta
- Green-comb Spider-orchid Caladenia dilatata
- Caladenia fulva
- Bayonet Spider-orchid Caladenia gladiolata
- Musky Caladenia Caladenia gracilis
- Large-club Spider-orchid Caladenia macroclavia
- Caladenia ornata
- Kangaroo Island Spider-orchid Caladenia ovata
- Small Green-comb Spider-orchid Caladenia parva
- Little Dip Spider-orchid Caladenia richardsiorum
- Stiff White Spider-orchid Caladenia rigida
- Bordertown spider-orchid Caladenia sp. Bordertown
- Caladenia sp. Brentwood
- Finniss Spider-orchid Caladenia sp. Finniss
- Caladenia sp. Monarto South
- Robust Spider-orchid Caladenia valida
- Grampians Spider-orchid Caladenia versicolor
- Woolcock's Spider-orchid Caladenia woolcockiorum
- Yellow-lip Spider-orchid Caladenia xanthochila
- Flinders Ranges white caladenia Caladenia xantholeuca
- Copper Beard-orchid Calochilus cupreus
- Green Bird-orchid Chiloglottis cornuta
- Dainty bird-orchid Chiloglottis trapeziformis
- Toothed Helmet-orchid Corybas dentatus
- Swamp Helmet-orchid Corybas fordhamii
- Dipodium punctatum
- Short-leaf Donkey-orchid Diuris brevifolia
- Diuris chryseopsis
- Purple Donkey-orchid Diurispunctata var. punctata
- Eriochilus sp. Swamp
- Swamp Midge-orchid Genoplesium ciliatum
- Bearded Midge-orchid Genoplesium morrisii
- Microtis eremaea
- Black-beak Duck-orchid Paracaleana disjuncta
- Maroon Leek-orchid Prasophyllum frenchii
- Goldsack's Leek-orchid Prasophyllum goldsackii
- Coast Leek-orchid Prasophyllum litorale
- Prasophyllum murfetii
- Prasophyllum rotundiflorum
- Prasophyllum sp. Enigma
- Prasophyllum sp. Waterholes
- Prasophyllum sp. West Coast
- Dense Leek-orchid Prasophyllum spicatum
- Hindmarsh Valley Greenhood Pterostylis bryophila
- Pterostylis chlorogramma
- Trim Greenhood Pterostylis concinna
- Leafy Greenhood Pterostylis cucullata
- Pterostylis despectans
- Pterostylis falcata
- Pterostylis lingua
- Large Rufous Greenhood Pterostylis maxima
- Pterostylis melagramma
- Pterostylis parviflora
- Bristly Greenhood Pterostylis setifera
- Halbury Greenhood Pterostylissp. Halbury
- Pterostylis sp. Rock ledges
- Pterostylis sp. Sand plain
- Pterostylis sp. Triloba
- Marsh Greenhood Pterostylis uliginosa
- Great Sun-orchid Thelymitra aristata
- Naked Sun-orchid Thelymitra circumsepta
- Thelymitra cyanea
- Metallic Sun-orchid Thelymitra epipactoides
- Spotted Sun-orchid Thelymitra ixioides
- Mauve-tufted Sun-orchid Thelymitra malvina
- Spiral Sun-orchid Thelymitra matthewsii
- Thelymitra merraniae
- King Fern Todea barbara
- Billardiera sp. Yorke Peninsula
- Grevillea Grevillea angustiloba
- Skeleton Fork-fern Psilotum nudum
- MacGillivray spyridium Spyridium eriocephalum var. glabrisepalum
- Asperula sp.
- Maori Bedstraw Galium propinquum
- Matted Nertera Nertera granadensis
- De Mole River Correa Correa calycinavar. halmaturorum
- Kangaroo Island Phebalium Leionema equestre
- Glandular Phebalium Phebalium glandulosum ssp. glandulosum
- Scaly Phebalium Phebalium squamulosum ssp. squamulosum
- Leptomeria preissiana
- Dodonaea subglandulifera
- Derwent Speedwell Derwentia derwentianassp. derwentiana
- Mount Lofty Speedwell Derwentia derwentiana ssp. homalodonta
- Mueller's Eyebright Euphrasiacollina ssp. muelleri
- Osborn's Eyebright Euphrasia collina ssp. osbornii
- Swamp Eyebright Euphrasia collina ssp. paludosa
- Euphrasia collina ssp. trichocalycina
- Rough Eyebright Euphrasia scabra
- Port Lincoln Speedwell Veronica parnkalliana
- Commersonia multiloba
- Tall Riceflower Pimelea ligustrina ssp. ligustrina
- Kangaroo Island Pennywort Hydrocotyle diantha
- Australian Carraway Oreomyrrhis eriopoda
- Showy Violet Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia
Why plants become endangered
The situation for plants in South Australia, as land is cleared or grazed by cattle and sheep and other introduced animals, as illustrated in these lists, begins to describe the patterns of extinction and endangerment that are so evident across all classes of Australian life. As the plants vanish and the interdependency of Australian species fragment, the pace of decline can only increase.
The extensive use of herbicides in Australia also has a significant impact on plant diversity, places that were biodiverse turned to monocultures that largely exclude Australian plant life. The failure, over a very long period, of successive governments across the Australian continent to comprehend and acknowledge the significant environmental and human health issues associated with the use of agricultural chemicals persists.
Some species are endemic to a particular set of places, with restricted range comes a greater likelihood of extinction. Some species, as we have described an Australian state here, may be at the edge of their range and exist in greater numbers in a different state. Arid zone species however can have a very large arid zone range, take small mammals for example, a number of species once common across the vast outback, now perhaps restricted to a particular place, some species have managed to cling on in Western Australia for example, albeit in tiny numbers, but may be extinct in other states and territories. Many are of course gone completely and forever.
Given Australia’s disgraceful land clearing rates and the climate change it promotes, one thing is certain, and that is, the vast diversity of Australia’s plant life will become increasingly endangered. This is something humanity will come to regret.
South Australia: Vulnerable Plants
- Ridged Noon-flower Sarcozona bicarinata
- Pigface Hemichroa Hemichroa mesembryanthema
- Ptilotus aristatus var. eichlerianus
- Ironstone Mulla Mulla Ptilotus beckerianus
- Ptilotus robynsianus
- Ptilotus sp. Cordillo Downs
- Plagiobothrys orthostatus
- Callitriche umbonata
- Showy Lobelia Lobelia beaugleholei
- Pratia puberula
- Naked Bluebell Wahlenbergia gymnoclada
- Coast Colobanth Colobanthus apetalus
- Atriplex humifusa
- Koch's Saltbush Atriplex kochiana
- Atriplex morrisii
- Halosarcia cupuliformis
- Bead Samphire Halosarcia flabelliformis
- Bottle Fissure-plant Maireana excavata
- Slender Soft-horns Malacocera gracilis
- Sclerolaena fusiformis
- Symon's Bindyi Sclerolaena symoniana
- Black-fruit Daisy Brachyscome melanocarpa
- Swamp Buttons Craspedia paludicola
- Slender Bottle-daisy Lagenophora gracilis
- Leptorhynchos melanocarpus
- Desert Daisy-bush Olearia arida
- Swamp Daisy-bush Olearia glandulosa
- Silver Daisy-bush Olearia pannosa ssp. pannosa
- Ozothamnus pholidotus
- Ozothamnus scaber
- Silver Candles Pleuropappus phyllocalymmeus
- Button Podolepis Podolepis muelleri
- Drumsticks Pycnosorus globosus
- Twin-leaf Everlasting Rhodanthe oppositifolia ssp.oppositifolia
- Large-fruit Groundsel Senecio macrocarpus
- Senecio psilocarpus
- Vittadinia australasica var. oricola
- Tasmanian Dodder Cuscuta tasmanica
- Spade-leaf Bitter-cress Cardamine gunnii
- Shade Peppercress Lepidium pseudotasmanicum
- Microlepidium alatum
- Nullarbor Cress Phlegmatospermum richardsii
- Cyperus dactylotes
- Tuber Spike-rush Eleocharis atricha
- Nutty Club-rush Isolepis producta
- Stiff Rapier-sedge Lepidosperma neesii
- Medusa Bog-rush Schoenus latelaminatus
- Ooldea Guinea-flower Hibbertia crispula
- Hibbertia obtusibracteata
- Erect Sundew Drosera sp.
- Bergia occultipetala
- Sauropus ramosissimus
- Frankenia plicata
- Mountain Gentian Gentianella gunniana
- Goodenia lineata
- Leafless Lechenaultia Lechenaultia aphylla
- Dune Fanflower Scaevola calendulacea
- Scaevola obovata
- Club Spear-grass Austrostipa nullanulla
- Prickly Spear-grass Austrostipa pilata
- Small Bent-grass Deyeuxia minor
- Ruddy Bent-grass Lachnagrostis scabra
- Fine-leaf Tussock-grass Poa meionectes
- Polypogon tenellus
- Hairy Rice-grass Tetrarrhena distichophylla
- Upright Milfoil Myriophyllum crispatum
- Juncus amabilis
- Wiry Rush Juncus homalocaulis
- Hoary Rush Juncus radula
- Pale Woodrush Luzula flaccida
- Turret Arrowgrass Triglochin turriferum
- West Coast Mintbush Prostanthera calycina
- Mount Illbilie Mintbush Prostanthera nudula
- Teucrium grandiusculum ssp. grandiusculum
- Needle Wattle Acacia carneorum
- Arkaroola Wattle Acacia confluens
- Menzel's Wattle Acacia menzelii
- Weeping Myall Acacia pendula
- Resin Wattle Acacia rhetinocarpa
- Sweet Wattle Acacia suaveolens
- Sword Bossiaea Bossiaea ensata
- Small Scurf-pea Cullen parvum
- Clover Glycine Glycine latrobeana
- Variable glycine Glycine tabacina
- Hovea linearis
- Pultenaea villifera var. glabrescens
- Behr's Swainson-pea Swainsona behriana
- Swainsona dictyocarpa
- Swainsona kingii
- Small-flower Swainson-pea Swainsona minutiflora
- Murray Swainson-pea Swainsona murrayana
- Broughton Pea Swainsona procumbens
- Swainsona vestita
- Creeping Darling Pea Swainsona viridis
- Leafy Templetonia Templetonia stenophylla
- Beauglehole's Bladderwort Utricularia beaugleholei
- Small Bladderwort Utricularia lateriflora
- Pale Vanilla-lily Arthropodium milleflorum
- Eastern Blue Tinsel-lily Calectasia intermedia
- Dianella porracea
- Nodding Grass-lily Stypandra glauca
- Tufted Lily Thelionema caespitosum
- Tuber Fringe-lily Thysanotus tuberosus
- Broad-leaf Nancy Wurmbea latifolia ssp. latifolia
- Wurmbea sp. Nilpinna
- Kangaroo Island Logania Logania insularis
- Hairy Mitrewort Mitrasacme pilosa var. pilosa
- Phyllangium sulcatum
- Australian Mallow Althaea australis
- Alyogyne pinoniana var. microandra
- Entire Marshwort Nymphoides geminata
- Beauglehole's Marsh-flower Villarsia umbricola var.beaugleholei
- Southern Blue Gum Eucalyptus globulus ssp. bicostata
- Glaucous Long-leaf Box Eucalyptus goniocalyx ssp.exposa
- Snow Gum Eucalyptus pauciflora ssp. pauciflora
- Carpenter Rocks Manna Gum Eucalyptus splendens ssp.arcana
- Caladenia bicalliata ssp. cleistogama
- Winter Spider-orchid Caladenia brumalis
- Drooping Spider-orchid Caladenia flaccida
- Elegant Spider-orchid Caladenia formosa
- Scented Spider-orchid Caladenia fragrantissima ssp.fragrantissima
- Large White Spider-orchid Caladenia venusta
- Large Duck-orchid Caleana major
- Red Beard-orchid Calochilus paludosus
- Dune Helmet-orchid Corybas expansus
- Moose Orchid Cryptostylis subulata
- Bell-flower Hyacinth-orchid Dipodium campanulatum
- Leopard Hyacinth-orchid Dipodium pardalinum
- Behr's Cowslip Orchid Diuris behrii
- Gastrodia vescula
- Sharp Midge-orchid Genoplesium despectans
- Swamp Onion-orchid Microtis orbicularis
- Small Duck-orchid Paracaleana minor
- Limestone Leek-orchid Prasophyllum calcicola
- Plum Leek-orchid Prasophyllum pruinosum
- Mount Remarkable Leek-orchid Prasophyllum validum
- Sandhill Greenhood Pterostylis arenicola
- Pterostylis sp. Eyre Peninsula
- Pterostylis sp. Sand heath
- Pterostylis sp. Veined leaf
- Pterostylis tasmanica
- Swamp Greenhood Pterostylis tenuissima
- Desert Greenhood Pterostylis xerophila
- Blue Star Sun-orchid Thelymitra holmesii
- Thelymitra inflata
- Thelymitra peniculata
- Thelymitra sp. Black buds
- Twining Finger-flower Cheiranthera volubilis
- Plantago multiscapa
- Waterblinks Montia fontana ssp. chondrosperma
- Thin Pondweed Potamogeton australiensis
- Rough Spider-flower Grevillea muricata
- Scarlet Grevillea Grevillea treueriana
- Mountain Clematis Clematis aristata
- Shining Buttercup Ranunculus glabrifolius
- Large River Buttercup Ranunculus papulentus
- Smooth-fruit Ferny Buttercup Ranunculus pumilio var.politus
- Annual Buttercup Ranunculus sessiliflorus var.pilulifer
- Baloskion tetraphyllum ssp. tetraphyllum
- Bundled Cord-rush Desmocladus diacolpicus
- Flat Cord-rush Eurychorda complanata
- Pomaderris halmaturina ssp. continentis
- Kangaroo Island Pomaderris Pomaderris halmaturina ssp.halmaturina
- Marble Range Spyridium Spyridium bifidum var. MarbleRange
- Wanilla Spyridium Spyridium bifidum var. Wanilla
- Butterfly Spyridium Spyridium coactilifolium
- Cloaked Spyridium Spyridium erymnocladum
- Rusty Spyridium Spyridium tricolor
- Broad-leaf Woodruff Asperula euryphylla var.tetraphylla
- Downy Star-bush Asterolasia phebalioides
- Desert Lime Citrus glauca
- Hindmarsh Correa Correa calycina var. calycina
- Deep Creek Correa Correa eburnea
- Lowan Phebalium Phebalium lowanense
- Small-leaf Wax-flower Philotheca difformis ssp.difformis
- Bendigo Wax-flower Philotheca verrucosa
- Sandalwood Santalum spicatum
- Trailing Hop-bush Dodonaea procumbens
- Forked Comb-fern Schizaea bifida
- Narrow Comb-fern Schizaea fistulosa
- Purple Eyebright Euphrasia collina ssp. collina
- Glossostigma sp. Long stout-pedicelled
- Granite Mudwort Limosella granitica
- Swamp Mazus Mazus pumilio
- Slender Speedwell Veronica gracilis
- Veronica sp. Narrow-linear leaves
- Nicotiana burbidgeae
- Annual Candles Stackhousia annua
- Rulingia craurophylla
- Slender Stylewort Levenhookia sonderi
- Stylidium desertorum
- Stylidium inaequipetalum
- Pimelea hewardiana
- Centella uniflora
- Blue Devil Eryngium rostratum
- Dainty Maiden-hair Adiantum capillus-veneris
South Australia: Rare Plants
- Annual Fern Anogramma leptophylla
- Ptilotus aristatus var. aristatus
- Barker's Mulla Mulla Ptilotus barkeri
- Hairy-tails Ptilotus erubescens
- Ptilotus schwartzii f. schwartzii
- Symon's Mulla Mulla Ptilotus symonii
- Typhonium alismifolium
- Common Spleenwort Asplenium trichomanes
- Wiry Bauera Bauera rubioides
- Fishbone Water-fern Blechnum nudum
- Hard Water-fern Blechnum wattsii
- Embadium johnstonii
- Embadium stagnense
- Matted Water Starwort Callitriche sonderi
- Swamp Isotome Isotoma fluviatilis ssp. australis
- Salt Isotome Isotoma scapigera
- Lobelia heterophylla
- Poison Lobelia Lobelia pratioides
- Poison Pratia Pratia concolor
- Rayless Starwort Stellaria multiflora
- Swamp Starwort Stellaria palustris var. tenella
- Prickly Starwort Stellaria pungens
- Cushion Centrolepis Centrolepis cephaloformis ssp. cephaloformis
- Cushion Centrolepis Centrolepis cephaloformis ssp. murrayi
- Smooth Centrolepis Centrolepisglabra
- Hornwort Ceratophyllum demersum
- Atriplex australasica
- Eichler's Saltbush Atriplex eichleri
- Papery Goosefoot Chenopodium erosum
- Halosarcia lepidosperma
- Black-fruit Bluebush Maireanamelanocarpa
- Slender Fissure-plant Maireana pentagona
- Rohrlach's Bluebush Maireana rohrlachii
- Lax Bluebush Maireana suaedifolia
- Wingless Bonefruit Osteocarpum acropterum var. deminutum
- Black's Bindyi Sclerolaena blackiana
- Sclerolaena fontinalis
- Five-spine Bindyi Sclerolaena muricata var. villosa
- Kangaroo Island River Daisy Achnophora tatei
- Swamp Daisy Allittia cardiocarpa
- Allittia uliginosa
- Basedowia tenerrima
- Swamp Daisy Brachyscome basaltica var. gracilis
- Short-stem Daisy Brachyscome breviscapis
- Brachyscome ciliaris var. subintegrifolia
- Brachyscome eriogona
- Grass Daisy Brachyscome graminea
- Coast Daisy Brachyscome parvula
- Reader's Daisy Brachyscome readeri
- Nullarbor Daisy Brachyscome tatei
- Yellow-fruit Daisy Brachyscome xanthocarpa
- Pale Beauty-heads Calocephalus sonderi
- Yellow Burr-daisy Calotis lappulacea
- Tufted Burr-daisy Calotis scapigera
- Wingwort Ceratogyne obionoides
- Salt Button-daisy Chondropyxis halophila
- Shiny Elachanth Elachanthus glaber
- Gratwickia monochaeta
- Dogwood Haeckeria Haeckeria cassiniiformis
- Small Nut-heads Haegiela tatei
- Hyalosperma stoveae
- Leiocarpa pluriseta
- Leptinella reptans
- Lanky Buttons Leptorhynchos elongatus
- Leptorhynchos orientalis
- Annual Buttons Leptorhynchos scaber
- Wiry Buttons Leptorhynchos tenuifolius
- Musk Daisy-bush Olearia adenolasia
- Velvet Daisy-bush Olearia pannosa ssp. cardiophylla
- Sticky Daisy-bush Olearia passerinoides ssp. glutescens
- Rasp Daisy-bush Olearia picridifolia
- Squat Picris Picris squarrosa
- Showy Copper-wire Daisy Podolepis jaceoides
- Gypsum Groundsel Senecio gypsicola
- Large-fruit Crassula Crassula exserta
- Purple Crassula Crassula peduncularis
- Annual Bitter-cress Cardamine paucijuga
- Slender Bitter-cress Cardamine tenuifolia
- Irenepharsus phasmatodes
- Bushy Peppercress Lepidium desvauxii
- Lepidium pseudoruderale
- Menkea lutea
- Hairy Shepherd's Purse Microlepidium pilosulum
- Spreading Cress Phlegmatospermum eremaeum
- Forest Bitter-cress Rorippa dictyosperma
- Jagged Bitter-cress Rorippa laciniata
- Pale Twig-rush Baumea acuta
- Slender Twig-rush Baumea gunnii
- Lax Twig-rush Baumea laxa
- Bulbostylis pyriformis
- Bulbostylis turbinata
- Mountain Sedge Carex gunniana
- Leafy Twig-rush Cladium procerum
- Downs Flat-sedge Cyperus bifax
- Cyperus castaneus
- Cyperus concinnus
- Flaccid Flat-sedge Cyperus flaccidus
- Cyperus lhotskyanus
- Cyperus nervulosus
- Dark Flat-sedge Cyperus sanguinolentus
- Cyperus sphaeroideus
- Eleocharis geniculata
- Eleocharis papillosa
- Eleocharis plana
- Summer Fringe-rush Fimbristylisa estivalis
- Tall Saw-sedge Gahnia clarkei
- Spiky Saw-sedge Gahnia hystrix
- Thatch Saw-sedge Gahnia radula
- Gahnia sp. West Bay
- Remote Sword-sedge Lepidosperma avium
- Lepidosperma leptophyllum
- Tiny Bog-rush Schoenus discifer
- Schoenus laevigatus
- Slender Bog-rush Schoenus lepidosperma ssp. lepidosperma
- Gimlet Bog-rush Schoenus sculptus
- Grassy Bog-rush Schoenus tesquorum
- Ruddy Ground-fern Hypolepis rugosula
- Central Australian Guinea-flower Hibbertia glaberrima
- Hibbertia sp. Humilis
- Forked Sundew Drosera binata
- Early Sundew Drosera praefolia
- Waterwort Elatine gratioloides
- Cleland's Beard-heath Leucopogon clelandii
- Hairy Beard-heath Leucopogon hirsutus
- Leucopogon revolutus
- Pink Swamp-heath Sprengelia incarnata
- Snowdrop Spurge Phyllanthus calycinus
- Fringed Pseudanthus Pseudanthus micranthus
- Frankenia cinerea
- Frankenia cupularis
- Frankenia subteres
- Erodium sp. Blesing
- Coral Fern Gleichenia microphylla
- Dampiera roycei
- Goodenia anfracta
- Bentham's Goodenia Goodenia benthamiana
- Goodenia brunnea
- Goodenia chambersii
- Goodenia glandulosa
- Spreading Goodenia Goodenia heteromera
- Flinders Range Goodenia Goodenia saccata
- Myrtle Fanflower Scaevola myrtifolia
- Velleia cycnopotamica
- Pointed Swamp Wallaby-grass Amphibromus archeri
- Long-nosed Swamp Wallaby-grass Amphibromus macrorhinus
- Dark Swamp Wallaby-grass Amphibromus recurvatus
- Aristida arida
- Aristida australis
- Smooth Wallaby-grass Austrodanthonia laevis
- Short-awn Wallaby-grass Austrodanthonia tenuior
- Cane Spear-grass Austrostipa breviglumis
- Foxtail Spear-grass Austrostipa densiflora
- Spiny Spear-grass Austrostipa echinata
- Austrostipa gibbosa
- Austrostipa multispiculis
- Flinders Range Spear-grass Austrostipa petraea
- Austrostipa plumigera
- Austrostipa tenuifolia
- Tucker's Spear-grass Austrostipa tuckeri
- Vickery's Spear-grass Austrostipa vickeryana
- Red-leg Grass Bothriochloa macra
- Heath Bent-grass Deyeuxia densa
- Rough-bearded Grass Echinopogon ovatus
- Barren Cane-grass Eragrostis infecunda
- Purple Love-grass Eragrostis lacunaria
- Bentham's Fescue Festuca benthamiana
- Narrow-leaf Blown-grass Lachnagrostis punicea var. filifolia
- Lachnagrostis punicea var. punicea
- Tall Blown-grass Lachnagrostis robusta
- Woolly Mulga-grass Neurachne lanigera
- Five-awn Spear-grass Pentapogon quadrifidus var. quadrifidus
- Knotted Poa Poa drummondiana
- Scaly Poa Poa fax
- Soft Tussock-grass Poa morrisii
- Velvet Tussock-grass Poa rodwayi
- Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana
- Shade Tussock-grass Poa umbricola
- Gummy Spinifex Triodia pungens
- Zoysia macrantha ssp. walshii
- Matted St John's Wort Hypericum japonicum
- Shade Raspwort Gonocarpus humilis
- Creeping Raspwort Gonocarpus micranthus ssp. micranthus
- Swamp Raspwort Haloragis brownii
- Eichler's Raspwort Haloragis eichleri
- Haloragis myriocarpa
- Broad Milfoil Myriophyllum amphibium
- Tiny Milfoil Myriophyllum integrifolium
- Robust Milfoil Myriophyllum papillosum
- Varied Milfoil Myriophyllum variifolium
- Waterthyme Hydrilla verticillata
- Swamp Lily Ottelia ovalifolia ssp. ovalifolia
- Plain Quillwort Isoetes drummondii ssp. drummondii
- Austral Rush Juncus australis
- Tall Rush Juncus procerus
- Luzula ovata
- Alcock's Water-ribbons Triglochin alcockiae
- Tiny Arrowgrass Triglochin minutissimum
- Slender Mint Mentha diemenica
- Native Pennyroyal Mentha satureioides
- Microcorys macrediana
- Green Mintbush Prostanthera chlorantha
- Dwarf Skullcap Scutellaria humilis
- Alcock's Wattle Acacia alcockii
- Acacia ammobia
- Baratta Wattle Acacia barattensis
- Hop-bush Wattle Acacia dodonaeifolia
- Prickly Wattle Acacia erinacea
- Georgina Gidgea Acacia georginae
- Graceful Wattle Acacia gracilifolia
- Ploughshare Wattle Acacia gunnii
- Helm's Wattle Acacia helmsiana
- Acacia hemiteles
- Six-nerve Spine-bush Acacia hexaneura
- Feathery Wattle Acacia imbricata
- Flinders Ranges Wattle Acacia iteaphylla
- Coonavittra Wattle Acacia jennerae
- Latz's Wattle Acacia latzii
- Streaked Wattle Acacia lineata
- Nealie Acacia loderi
- Mitchell's Wattle Acacia mitchellii
- Mallee Wattle Acacia montana
- Acacia mutabilis ssp. angustifolia
- Pickard's Wattle Acacia pickardii
- Quorn Wattle Acacia quornensis
- Dagger-leaf Wattle Acacia rhigiophylla
- Minni Ritchi Acacia rhodophloia
- Acacia simmonsiana
- Hop Wattle Acacia stricta
- Symon's Wattle Acacia symonii
- Acacia tenuior
- Acacia tenuissima
- Acacia toondulya
- Mallee Bitter-pea Daviesia benthamii ssp. humilis
- Zig-zag Bitter-pea Daviesia pectinata
- Flinders Ranges Bitter-pea Daviesia stricta
- Hovea purpurea
- Clustered Bush-pea Pultenaea dentata
- Tothill Bush-pea Pultenaea kraehenbuehlii
- Rough Bush-pea Pultenaea scabra
- Tufted Bush-pea Pultenaeat richophylla
- Leafless Globe-pea Sphaerolobium minus
- Swainsona fuscoviridis
- Lee's Swainson-pea Swainsona leeana
- Wild Violet Swainsona microcalyx
- Swainsona oligophylla
- Yellow Swainson-pea Swainsona pyrophila
- Spiny Templetonia Templetonia battii
- Native Broom Viminaria juncea
- Yellow Bladderwort Utricularia australis
- Violet Bladderwort Utricularia violacea
- Pale Grass-lily Caesiaparviflora var. minor
- Sand Lily Corynothecal icrota
- Dianella longifolia var. grandis
- Wattle Mat-rush Lomandra filiformis ssp. coriacea
- Grassy Fringe-lily Thysanotust enellus
- Eyre Peninsula Fringe-lily Thysanotus wangariensis
- Trailing Nancy Wurmbea decumbens
- Desert Nancy Wurmbea deserticola
- Wurmbea latifolia ssp. vanessae
- Wurmbea stellata
- Tate's Grass-tree Xanthorrhoea semiplana ssp. tateana
- Desert Grass-tree Xanthorrhoea thorntonii
- Rock Logania Logania saxatilis
- Rough Logania Logania scabrella
- Tiny Mitrewort Phyllangium distylis
- Slender Clubmoss Lycopodiella lateralis
- Pigmy Clubmoss Phylloglossum drummondii
- Purple Loosestrife Lythrum salicaria
- Abutilon oxycarpum var. incanum
- Showy Lawrencia Lawrencia berthae
- Sida sp. Wakaya Desert
- Austral Pillwort Pilularia novae-hollandiae
- Wavy Marshwort Nymphoides crenata
- Eremophila praecox
- Blue Range Emubush Eremophila barbata
- Coccid Emubush Eremophila gibbifolia
- Hill's Emubush Eremophila hillii
- Eremophila interstans var. interstans
- Small-leaf Emubush Eremophila parvifolia
- Eremophila pentaptera
- Twiggy Emubush Eremophila polyclada
- Green-flower Emubush Eremophila subfloccosa ssp. glandulosa
- Creeping Boobialla Myoporum parvifolium
- Prickly Bottlebrush Callistemon brachyandrus
- Kangaroo Island Heath-myrtle Calytrix smeatoniana
- White Box Eucalyptus albens
- Broad-leaf box Eucalyptus behriana
- Spafford's Square-fruit Mallee Eucalyptus calycogona ssp. spaffordii
- Eucalyptus canescens ssp. beadellii
- Port Lincoln Mallee Eucalyptus conglobata
- Darke Peak Mallee Eucalyptus cretata
- Candlebark Gum Eucalyptus dalrympleana ssp. dalrympleana
- Eucalyptus diversifolia ssp. hesperia
- Pink Gum Eucalyptus fasciculosa
- Mount Lindsay gum Eucalyptus gillenii
- Kingsmill Mallee Eucalyptuskingsmillii ssp. alatissima
- Whipstick Mallee Eucalyptusl eptopoda ssp. elevata
- Large-fruit Blue Gum Eucalyptusl eucoxylon ssp. megalocarpa
- Red Stringybark Eucalyptus macrorhyncha ssp. macrorhyncha
- Ribbed White Mallee Eucalyptus percostata
- Eucalyptus phenax ssp. compressa
- Eucalyptus sp. Flinders Ranges
- Manna Gum Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. viminalis
- Green Mallee Eucalyptus viridis ssp. viridis
- Wimmera Mallee Eucalyptus wimmerensis
- Wyola Lake Mallee Eucalyptus wyolensis
- Needle-leaf Honey-myrtle Melaleuca armillaris ssp. akineta
- Wrinkled Honey-myrtle Melaleuca fulgens ssp. corrugata
- Pungent Honey-myrtle Melaleuca leiocarpa
- Dwarf-leaf Honey-myrtle Melaleuca nanophylla
- Pointed-leaf Honey-myrtle Melaleuca oxyphylla
- Swamp Honey-myrtle Melaleuca squamea
- Bottlebrush Tea-tree Melaleuca squarrosa
- Wilson's Honey-myrtle Melaleuca wilsonii
- Fringed Heath-myrtle Micromyrtus ciliata
- Olax obcordata
- Large Adder's Tongue Ophioglossum polyphyllum
- Caladenia bicalliata ssp. bicalliata
- Black-tongue Caladenia Caladenia congesta
- Hooded Caladenia Caladenia cucullata
- Late Spider-orchid Caladenia necrophylla
- Pygmy Caladenia Caladenia pusilla
- Caladenia sanguinea
- Star Spider-orchid Caladenia stellata
- Plain Caladenia Caladenia vulgaris
- Plains Beard-orchid Calochilus campestris
- Small Helmet-orchid Corybas unguiculatus
- Tiger Orchid Diuris sulphurea
- Potato Orchid Gastrodia sesamoides
- Yellow Onion-orchid Microtis atrata
- Sweet Onion-orchid Microtis rara
- Austral Leek-orchid Prasophyllum australe
- Tawny Leek-orchid Prasophyllum constrictum
- Fertile Leek-orchid Prasophyllum fecundum
- Cryptic Leek-orchid Prasophyllum occultans
- Pale Leek-orchid Prasophyllum pallidum
- Blunt Greenhood Pterostylis curta
- Slender Greenhood Pterostylis foliata
- Pterostylis striata
- Austral Lady's Tresses Spiranthes australis
- Frog-mouth Sun-orchid Thelymitra batesii
- Small Pink Sun-orchid Thelymitra carnea
- Twisted Sun-orchid Thelymitra flexuosa
- Giant Sun-orchid Thelymitra grandiflora
- Plum Sun-orchid Thelymitra mucida
- Western Sky Sun-orchid Thelymitra occidentalis
- Native Broomrape Orobanchecernua var. australiana
- Eastern Apple-berry Billardiera scandens var. scandens
- White Rhytidosporum Rhytidosporum procumbens
- Spiny Lignum Muehlenbeckia horrida ssp. horrida
- Wiry Dock Rumex dumosus
- Bead Purslane Calandrinia sphaerophylla
- Calandrinia stagnensis
- White Purslane Neopaxia australasica
- Blunt Pondweed Potamogeton ochreatus
- Desert Samolus Samolus eremaeus
- Grevillea anethifolia
- Prickly Grevillea Grevillea aquifolium
- Grevillea halmaturina ssp. halmaturina
- Grevillea halmaturina ssp. laevis
- Grevillea lavandulacea ssp. rogersii
- Grevillea pauciflora ssp. leptophylla
- Kangaroo Island Hakea Hakea aenigma
- Hooked Needlewood Hakea tephrosperma
- Tender Brake Pteris tremula
- River Buttercup Ranunculus inundatus
- Slender Buttercup Ranunculus robertsonii
- Kangaroo Island Scale-rush Lepyrodia valliculae
- Long-flower Cryptandra Cryptandra sp. Long hypanthium
- Pomaderris forrestiana
- Spyridium bifidum var. integrifolium
- Rough Spyridium Spyridium halmaturinum var. scabridum
- Silvery Spyridium Spyridiuml eucopogon
- Spoon-leaf Spyridium Spyridium spathulatum
- Water Woodruff Asperula subsimplex
- Southern Flinders Woodruff Asperula syrticola
- Tight Bedstraw Galium curvihirtum
- Dwarf Nertera Leptostigma reptans
- Rough Star-bush Asterolasia muricata
- Boronia nana var. hyssopifolia
- Boronia nana var. pubescens
- Swamp Boronia Boronia parviflora
- Hairy Boronia Boroniapilosa ssp. torquata
- Hairy Correa Correa aemula
- White Correa Correa albavar. pannosa
- Correa backhouseana var. orbicularis
- Correa glabra var. leucoclada
- Wilga Geijera parviflora
- Mount Lofty Phebalium Leionema hillebrandii
- Leionema microphyllum
- Narrow-leaf Wax-flower Philotheca angustifolia ssp. angustifolia
- Zieria veronicea ssp. insularis
- Zieria veronicea ssp. veronicea
- Yellow-flower Sour-bush Choretrum glomeratum var. chrysanthum
- Spiked Sour-bush Choretrum spicatum
- Pale-fruit Cherry Exocarpos strictus
- Showy Speedwell Derwentia decorosa
- Kangaroo Island Speedwell Derwentia derwentiana ssp. anisodonta
- Stalked Brooklime Gratiola pedunculata
- Glandular Brooklime Gratiola pubescens
- Dwarf Brooklime Gratiola pumilo
- Small Monkey-flower Mimulus prostratus
- Haegi's Stemodia Stemodia sp. Haegii
- Narrow-leaf Ray-flower Anthocercis angustifolia
- Port Lincoln Ray-flower Anthocercis anisantha ssp. anisantha
- Nicotiana truncata
- Rare Nightshade Solanum eremophilum
- Western Tar-vine Gilesia biniflora
- Levenhookia stipitata
- Beauglehole's Trigger-plant Stylidium beaugleholei
- Stylidium ecorne
- Kangaroo Island Trigger-plant Stylidium tepperianum
- Soft Shield-fern Christella dentata
- Pimelea curviflora var. subglabrata
- Sandhill Riceflower Pimelea penicillaris
- Williamson's Riceflower Pimelea williamsonii
- Prostrate Blue Devil Eryngium vesiculosum
- Fringe-fruit Pennywort Hydrocotyle comocarpa
- Spreading Pennywort Hydrocotyle crassiuscula
- Neosciadium glochidiatum
- Kangaroo Island Platysace Platysace heterophylla var. tepperi
- Native Parsnip Trachymene anisocarpa
- Southern Xanthosia Xanthosia tasmanica
- Tall Yellow-eye Xyris operculata
- Zannichellia palustris
- Garweed Zosteramuelleri ssp. mucronata
- Thick Twinleaf Zygophyllum crassissimum
- Small-fruit Twinleaf Zygophyllum humillimum
- Zygophyllum hybridum